In the consent process for anesthesia, how is express consent defined?

• A. Express consent is explicit (written or verbal).
• B. Express consent is implied by patient conduct.
• C. Express consent is not required for urgent procedures.
• D. Express consent is only oral.

Answer: (A)

Express consent means explicit permission given by the patient, not something inferred from actions. In anesthesia, this is shown by a clear, voluntary agreement after being informed about the proposed plan, risks, benefits, and alternatives. It can be documented either in writing or given verbally, as long as it is explicit and understood.

This is why the chosen definition fits: consent that is clearly stated by the patient, rather than assumed from behavior. Implied consent by conduct is not express. Express consent is not limited to urgent situations or to oral form only; written consent is also a valid and common way to obtain express consent.